The Joy of Teaching

Sharing creative ideas and lessons to help children learn

January 11, 2023
by Evan-Moor
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Personalize Reading Instruction with TeacherFileBox Printables

As every teacher knows, reading in the elementary grades is one of the most important skills taught. Because it affects all other academic achievement, a good deal of classroom resources are devoted to reading instruction and support.

As a second grade teacher, I would spend hours looking for reading lessons that fit the needs of my students. Finding and incorporating relevant reading activities that met the various abilities of my ELL students was a difficult and time-consuming process. On most Friday afternoons, you would find me flitting from classroom to classroom begging teachers in different grade levels for readers.

TeacherFileBox was a great tool that I discovered. It allowed me to personalize reading lessons in my classroom with its diverse selection of reading lessons and activities. I found beginning alphabet activities for students who needed additional support, and advanced reading units for the students who were progressing faster than the rest of the class.

The reading comprehension lessons and activities below highlight important skills and strategies with engaging stories and activities. Help your students become confident and competent readers with this selection of reading activities and lesson units from TeacherFileBox printables.

Phonics Reading Activities

Help students increase their fluency and reading skills with these phonics and reading comprehension printables from TeacherFileBox. This online digital lesson library allows you to search lessons across grade levels so you can personalize your reading lessons for every student.

Grades PreK–K Alphabet Awareness: This alphabet awareness activity highlights the letter “H.” Students sound out the letter, read a minibook story, draw, trace, and practice beginning writing skills.

Grade 1 Reading Level D: This reading unit includes a helpful story booklet with activity pages that highlight important word families and sound combinations.

Grades 1–2 Vowel Digraphs: Practice important phonic sounds and word patterns with these ai/ay vowel digraph printables.

Grades 1–2 Phonics Readers: Practice the long “o” sound with these phonics readers. These paper books make it easy for students to consistently read at home and in the classroom. 

Cross-Curricular Reading Activities

Capture students’ interest and keep them engaged with interesting reading passages and comprehension activities. These standards-based reading printables are great to add to theme-based, cross-curricular teaching units.

Grade 3 Observing Our World and Beyond: This paired-text science unit focuses on helping students answer this Big Question: How do we learn our place in the universe? These printables include teacher support pages, a dictionary, reading selections, and a variety of written and oral activities, including reading comprehension, close reading, vocabulary, and text-based writing activities. 

Grades 3–4 Petrified Forest National Park: This “Read & Understand Science” unit for grades 3–4 investigates how fossils developed into the Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona. The unit contains a two-page article, plus three skills activities to answer comprehension questions, define vocabulary, and write sentences about fossil pictures.

Grades 4–6 Sedna, Goddess of the Sea – Inuit Myth: This unit captures students’ interest with an interesting Inuit myth and provides practice of summarization, making inferences, and vocabulary development.

Grade 6 The Terra Cotta Warriors: An Army of Clay: This nonfiction article tells the story of the terra cotta statues created by a Chinese emperor over 2,000 years ago and newly discovered in 1974. The reading activities ask students to make inferences, express options, and learn important vocabulary and spelling words.

Reading Comprehension Skills and Strategies

Target important reading comprehension strategies with these leveled and in-depth reading units. Assign each student their own reading article in Google Classroom and easily differentiate your classroom reading lessons.

Grade 2 Fiction Compare and Contrast:  The fictional stories included in this reading unit include engaging reading activities and practice pages that highlight compare-and-contrast reading strategies. 

Grade 4 Week 5 Determine Important Information: Build fluency and vocabulary with short, daily reading activities! This daily reading comprehension unit includes five days of activities that focus on how to determine important information in an article. 

Grade 5 Fiction: Summarize: This reading comprehension lesson unit focuses on summarizing fiction texts. The unit includes one practice activity with a rule box and practice items, a fiction reading selection with comprehension questions, and a review activity. 

Hands-on Reading Activities for Kinesthetic Learners

These kinesthetic reading activities are a great addition to your center rotations. Perfect for active learners, these creative activities help students practice phonics patterns, word families, and reading comprehension.

Grades 1–2 Make a Word (Word Families): This center activity includes all the components to create an interaction reading center.

Grade 2 Listen for Long Vowels (Take It to Your Seat Centers): This inviting, hands-on center directs practices long vowel sounds in words with different spellings. The center includes student directions, word cards and sorting mats, and a response record sheet. 

Grades 5–6 Book Commercial (Book Project): This creative unit directs students to read the same book, discuss the best “selling” points of the book, and create a commercial. It includes directions, instructions on how to make a commercial, planning guide, and bookmark of guidelines for working together. 

Get exclusive access to these reading lessons and more with a subscription to TeacherFileBox! This online library makes it easy to differentiate your lessons with just the click of a button. With thousands of PreK–6 printables across subject areas, TeacherFileBox provides scaffolded learning resources that meet the needs of every student. Choose from in-depth teaching units, hands-on center activities, bulletin boards, art projects, and more! Save your favorite printables in your personal account, print lessons, project them onto a screen, or share them with your Google Classroom! Choose from reading, math, language, writing, science, geography, social studies, STEM/STEAM, SEL, and more!

 


Heather Foudy is a certified elementary teacher with over 7 years’ experience as an educator and volunteer in the classroom. She enjoys creating lessons that are meaningful and creative for students. She is currently working for Evan-Moor’s marketing and communications team and enjoys building learning opportunities that are both meaningful and creative for students and teachers alike. 

December 12, 2022
by Evan-Moor
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Ramadan Kindness Activities for Kids

Learn about Ramadan in your classroom with activities that focus on kindness. Ramadan is a festive time in Islam and is celebrated for a month. It is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and starts in early spring. During Ramadan, some people fast from sunup to sundown, and many people show extra kindness to one another and think about what they are grateful for. At the end of the month, people have a celebration called Eid-al-Fitr where families and friends gather together and have a big feast.

Download these free Ramadan Kindness printables for grades 1–3 here.

Classroom Read-Alouds for Ramadan

These picture books are a great way to connect students’ understanding about Ramadan with the traditions that are a part of it.

Rashad’s Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr by Lisa Bullard (Illustrated by Holli Conger)

Learn how Rashad celebrates Eid al-Fitr! Discover what he eats and plays during his Ramadan celebrations.

Hassan and Aneesa Love Ramadan by Yasmeen Rahim (Illustrated by Omar Burgess)

Follow Hassan and Aneesa on the first day of Ramadan and find out why they love it when the Muslim holy month arrives.

Lailah’s Lunchbox by Reem Faruqi (Illustrated by Lea Lyon)

Lailah is in a new school in a new country. When Ramadan begins, she is excited that she is finally old enough to participate in the fasting but worried that her classmates won’t understand why she doesn’t join them in the lunchroom.

For more free lessons and activities, subscribe to our free e-newsletter here


Heather Foudy is a certified elementary teacher with over 7 years’ experience as an educator and volunteer in the classroom. She enjoys creating lessons that are meaningful and creative for students. She is currently working for Evan-Moor’s marketing and communications team and enjoys building learning opportunities that are both meaningful and creative for students and teachers alike. 

December 6, 2022
by Evan-Moor
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Kwanzaa Holiday Activities for Kids

Kwanzaa is a seven-day holiday that is celebrated by many African Americans from December 26 through January 1. It was first introduced by Dr. Maulana Karenga in 1966 as a ritual to welcome the first harvests to the home. He adapted the Swahili word kwanza (meaning “first”) to “Kwanzaa” to create a seven-letter word that represents the seven values and symbols of the holiday, each represented as a candle on a kinara.  

During this holiday, families come together to celebrate their history, their culture, and the loved ones who lived before them. Over seven days, people share food, music, stories, and a drink from the unity cup.

Throughout the week of Kwanzaa, seven values are highlighted: unity, self-determination, collective responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith. In addition, Kwanzaa is also represented with symbols that signify unity such as ears of corn and other vegetables, fruit, nuts, a straw mat, a candleholder, a communal cup, and gifts.

Teach children about Kwanzaa during the holiday season with these free hands-on STEM, art, and writing activities. 

Kwanzaa Unity Cup STEM Challenge Grades 1-4

In this activity, children learn about the tradition of the Kwanzaa unity cup and make their own unity cup in a fun STEM challenge.

Download this free Kwanzaa STEM Project here.

Kinara Art Project Grades 1-4

In this art activity, children create a colorful paper kinara, or candleholder, for the celebration of Kwanzaa. Choose green, red, and black construction paper to symbolize the colors of Kwanzaa.

Download this free Kinara Art Project here.

Kwanzaa Family-History Writing Activity Grades 1-6

Involve everyone in celebrating Kwanzaa with this free family-history writing activity. Children are prompted to write a story from their family history and share it with others.

Download this free Kwanzaa writing activity here

For more holiday activities, read these Evan-Moor blog posts:

Subscribe to the Evan-Moor e-newsletter for free activities and printables every month.


Heather Foudy is a certified elementary teacher with over 7 years’ experience as an educator and volunteer in the classroom. She enjoys creating lessons that are meaningful and creative for students. She is currently working for Evan-Moor’s marketing and communications team and enjoys building learning opportunities that are both meaningful and creative for students and teachers alike

December 1, 2022
by Evan-Moor
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Discover the Magic of Las Posadas Traditions

For many children in Mexico and other Latin American countries, celebrating Las Posadas is a large part of their Navidad (Christmas) traditions. As it gets closer to Navidad, many families in cities, towns, and ranches host these small parties for everyone in the community to attend. As a child of immigrant parents, for me this was a much-anticipated celebration during our travels to Mexico. It was a special time to spend with our family who we only saw once a year.

What is Las Posadas?

Las Posadas is a celebration and re-enactment from the Biblical story of Mary and Joseph searching for a safe shelter in the town of Bethlehem where Mary could give birth to the baby Jesus. Posada means “inn” or “shelter” in Spanish. Posadas parties are typically celebrated for nine days from December 16–24. During a posada celebration, groups of people travel together in a procession (sometimes in costume) from house to house looking for a place to stay. People will sing songs asking for shelter until one house invites them in. Participants are warmly greeted with holiday music and traditional foods such as tamales, warm beverages, and sweet pastries.

The highlight of Las Posadas is the breaking of the piñata. A piñata is a brightly decorated paper-mache figure. Las Posadas piñatas are usually in the shape of a star to symbolize the Star of Bethlehem that guided the three wise men to see the baby Jesus. Piñatas are typically full of candy, peanuts, or other small treats. In our family, sometimes piñatas were filled with flour and confetti, so it was always a guessing game as we took turns hitting the piñata. While children break the piñata, all the people in attendance sing religious Navidad carols. At the end of the night, if you are lucky, you might find yourself taking home candy and an aguinaldo (goodie bag) filled with peanuts, oranges, sugar cane, and animal cookies.

Las Posadas Book

With this Las Posadas writing and drawing activity, children can make a book to show why and how they celebrate Las Posadas with their families.

Get the free Evan-Moor activity here.

Traditional Posadas Songs for Children

These audio recordings help children learn traditional Las Posadas songs:

  • Listen to audio recordings of traditional Las Posadas music here.
  • Learn the words to “Pidiendo Posada” here.

In recent years, Las Posadas traditions have seen a resurgence by immigrant communities in the United States. Look around in your community or create your own posada tradition and invite your family and friends. Feliz Posadas y Navidad!

For more holiday ideas and free activities read about Celebrating Three Kings Day (Día de los Reyes Magos)

 

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Laura Guzman has worked in the educational sector for 17 years starting in educational technology as a graphic, print, social media, and UX designer. She is a mother to a son and whenever possible volunteers at her son’s school. She also enjoys long-distance running and being outdoors as much as possible. She is currently working for Evan-Moor’s marketing and communications team as a desktop publisher designing Evan-Moor’s customer facing communications.

November 10, 2022
by Evan-Moor
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Lunar New Year Activities for Kids

Learn about the Lunar New Year in your classroom and provide students with an opportunity to share their unique traditions with these free printables!

The Lunar New Year’s Festival is a very important celebration in many countries all over the world. It marks the beginning of spring according to the lunar calendar. Often referred to as Chinese New Year, it is also called Tet by the Vietnamese, Sol by the Koreans, and Losar by the Tibetans.

The first day of this New Year starts with the new moon, which appears between January 21 and February 20. The Lunar New Year is celebrated in many different countries and communities around the world, including Taiwan, Vietnam, Korea, Singapore, Thailand, China. Each country has its own traditions and celebrations. Many families clean their homes and hang colorful decorations such as lanterns to prepare for the holiday. Every New Year is aligned with one of the animals of the Chinese Zodiac.

Download these free Lunar New Year Activities for grades K–3 here

 

For more activities and ideas to celebrate the Lunar New Year, check out Chinese New Year Lessons and Free Dancing Dragon and Chinese Lantern Activity 


Heather Foudy is a certified elementary teacher with over 7 years’ experience as an educator and volunteer in the classroom. She enjoys creating lessons that are meaningful and creative for students. She is currently working for Evan-Moor’s marketing and communications team and enjoys building learning opportunities that are both meaningful and creative for students and teachers alike.

October 17, 2022
by Evan-Moor
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Recommended Activity Books for Kids

Colorful and fun activity books give kids a screen-free alternative that is entertaining and educational! These top workbooks for children are great solutions to keep kids practicing educational skills while having fun with hands-on projects, brain teasers, crossword puzzles, creative writing activities, colorful skill worksheets, and arts and crafts. With game-like activities, these kids’ books provide positive learning experiences for children and help foster a love of learning.

These are the best activity books for kids for fun and learning—and make great kids’ gifts for holidays and birthdays! 

You can find these on the Evan-Moor Amazon store or the Evan-Moor online store.

Early Learning

Listen and Learn: Animals for grades PreK–1 includes colorful animal activities that help children practice beginning reading and writing skills with hands-on art, drawing, writing, games, and more. From chameleons to kangaroos, the beautiful animal photographs and stories will take young children on an animal adventure around the world. Recipient of a Mom’s Choice Gold Award and a National Parenting Product Award, every page includes an audio read-aloud option so that children can listen to read-alouds and learn about their favorite animals.

 

Smart Start: Beginning Coding for grades PreK–1 includes engaging, screen-free activities that help young children build a strong foundation in computer science. Recipient of the Creative Child Award, the fun coding stories and colorful activities help early learners become critical thinkers by practicing the building blocks of thinking.

 

Smart Start: STEM for grades PreK–1 includes hands-on STEM challenges and activities that encourage your child to think creatively and explore different ideas to solve problems. Engaging science stories and colorful thinking activities help guide children to complete a hands-on STEM activity. Complete with planning guides and engaging artwork, these activity books provide endless hours of entertainment as children build and create their own creations.

Ages 412

Heart and Mind Activities for Today’s Kids for ages 4–11 has 100 fun activities that support your child’s well-being. The activities create positive learning experiences for children and help them learn to manage emotions, reduce anxiety, and navigate social situations. Activities include art, puzzles, games, coloring, and more!

 

The Never-Bored Kid Book for ages 4–9 This fun activity book is full of game-like activities and art projects that help children practice important skills without them even knowing it. Each full-color book provides mazes, riddles, hidden pictures, things to cut out, dot-to-dots, and other engaging, age-appropriate activities.

 

 

Real-World Writing for Today’s Kids for ages 6–11 demonstrates how diverse and innovative writing in today’s world can be. The colorful and hands-on creative activities include infographics, blogs, restaurant reviews, and more! Real-life writing activities will give your child practical writing experience and inspire even reluctant writers to put pen to paper.

 

Top Student for grades PreK–6 jumbo workbooks provide more than 350 activities to keep kids challenged and excited as they strengthen their skills in every subject area. Topics include math, science, reading, spelling, grammar, vocabulary, writing, social studies, computer science, SEL, STEM, and mindfulness. Give your child in-depth review and practice in every subject area with these packed workbooks! Each book includes a full-size informational poster and stickers (for grades PreK–3).

 

Skill Sharpeners: STEAM for grades PreK–6 activity books integrate science, technology, engineering, art, and math to create meaningful learning opportunities for kids! The real-world topics in these STEAM workbooks connect learning to the environment, Earth, people, and cultures, and inspire children to solve real problems related to sun safety, water conservation, wildlife, and more! If your child prefers hands-on learning, these books are a great fit. The open-ended questions and problem-solving capture children’s interest and keep them thinking and learning long after the activities are over. Each workbook includes a free downloadable teaching guide with additional activities and tips.

 

Skill Sharpeners: Critical Thinking for grades PreK–6 activity books offer creative activities that challenge your child to use higher-order thinking skills such as analyzing, inferring, solving, and creating. The imaginative puzzles, drawings, and matching activities create fun learning experiences that children enjoy.

 

For more educational workbook activities check out these top favorites!

Skill Sharpeners series for PreK–6 has 8 subject areas including: reading, math, spelling, science, geography, STEAM, critical thinking, and grammar and punctuation.

 

 

Smart Start activity books for PreK–1 offers 5 subject areas including: reading, sight words, math, STEM, and coding.

 

 

If you are getting ready for kindergarten, check out these recommended books: Get ready kindergarten activity books

 

Subscribe to our e-newsletter for free learning activities and resources every month!


Heather Foudy is a certified elementary teacher with over 7 years’ experience as an educator and volunteer in the classroom. She enjoys creating lessons that are meaningful and creative for students. She is currently working for Evan-Moor’s marketing and communications team and enjoys building learning opportunities that are both meaningful and creative for students and teachers alike.

October 7, 2022
by Evan-Moor
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Celebrate Diwali in Your Classroom with Rangoli Art

Incorporate Rangoli art into your fall activities and teach your students about Diwali! This holiday is celebrated by over a billion people worldwide and is an important festival observed by Hindus, Jains, and Sikhs each year in either October or November (dates vary from year to year, based on the Indian lunar calendar.) Also called the “Festival of Lights,” Diwali represents the triumph of good over evil and light over darkness. Diwali lasts five days and people celebrate it by lighting lamps, decorating, cooking and sending family and friends good wishes.

Rangoli art represents the happiness and positivity of a household and during the festival of lights, it is used to welcome the Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and good luck.

Download this free printable for Rangoli art here.

This five page unit provides a description of the Diwali holiday, project directions and three different art templates for children to choose from. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Check out Holiday Activities from Around the World for additional ideas and lessons!  

 

For more free activities and lesson ideas, subscribe to our e-newsletter here.


Heather Foudy is a certified elementary teacher with over 7 years’ experience as an educator and volunteer in the classroom. She enjoys creating lessons that are meaningful and creative for students. She is currently working for Evan-Moor’s marketing and communications team and enjoys building learning opportunities that are both meaningful and creative for students and teachers alike.

 

 

Indigenous People's Day free activities

September 26, 2022
by Evan-Moor
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Stories and Activities to Celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day

Celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day with activities that highlight the traditions and stories of Indigenous cultures.

Berkeley was the first city to celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day in 1992, but it wasn’t until 2021 that President Joe Biden declared a day in October (typically the second Monday) as Indigenous Peoples’ Day. One purpose of this day is to recognize the Indigenous communities that have lived in the Americas for thousands of years. In observance of this day, people participate in ceremonies and activities to remember the extraordinary resilience of Indigenous peoples and honor their distinct cultures and contributions. This commemorative day seeks to empower Indigenous communities and recognize the diverse peoples who were the first inhabitants of the Americas.

There are many ways to observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day and honor the history and culture of Indigenous nations present in pre-Columbian America. Listed below are a few ideas, free activities, and stories to highlight Indigenous stories and traditions.

Free Activities and Nonfiction Stories

Download these free units here.

“Glad to Be Me: Forrest Goodluck’s Story” Grade 1

This unit includes a two-page nonfiction story about Forrest Goodluck, an Indigenous American actor who is proud of his heritage and proud to represent Indigenous people in movies and television. He is breaking Hollywood stereotypes of how Indigenous people have been portrayed historically. The unit includes a suggested teaching path, individual and partner activity pages, a class discussion, and a project menu.

“Dreams Do Come True: Wes Studi’s Story” Grade 2

This unit includes of a two-page nonfiction story about Wes Studi, an Indigenous American actor who has done many jobs during his life but never gave up on his dream of becoming an actor in Hollywood. The unit includes a suggested teaching path, individual and partner activity pages, a class discussion, and a project menu.

“Let Your Heart Shine Through: Bethany Yellowtail’s Story” Grade 6

This unit includes of a two-page nonfiction story about Bethany Yellowtail, an Indigenous American fashion designer and founder of the brand B. Yellowtail. She always felt that to be happy, her work had to reflect her culture. The unit includes a suggested teaching path, individual and partner activity pages, a class discussion, and a project menu.

Teachers Pay Teachers Native American Lessons and Activities

Teach your students Indigenous legends, history, and traditions with these reading activities from TeachersPayTeachers.

The Little People (A Native American Fable) Grades 2–3

This two-page read-and-understand Native American fable is about a boy who meets some little men and turns down an offer to trade bow and arrows. The unit includes four skill activities on synonyms, comprehension, word meanings, long vowels, homographs, rhyming words, and the suffixes “er/est.”

The Three Sisters (Lexile 630) Grade 3 Reading Unit

This leveled reading unit tells the story of a Native American legend about “sisters” Bean, Corn, and Squash. Students read the tale, answer questions, define vocabulary, and practice a variety of reading skills on five activity pages.

Dancing to the Drum Grades 4–6 Reading Unit

This unit on celebrating diversity presents a two-page article about Native American powwows (ceremonies) and the importance of the drum. The unit includes four skills activity pages on answering comprehension questions, synonyms & using vocabulary, writing/comparing celebrations, & planning a celebration.

Indigenous Stories and Picture Books

These picture books are a great way to introduce Native American traditions and stories with recipes and unique perspectives.

Awâsis and The World-Famous Bannock by Dallas Hunt (Illustrated by Amanda Strong)

This story highlights the Cree traditions and vocabulary with a fun recipe.

Encounter by Brittany Luby (Illustrated by Michaela Goade)

This is a true story about a French explorer and an Indigenous fisherman and their unforgettable meeting.

Fry Bread: A Native American Family Story by Kevin Noble Maillard (Illustrated by Juana Martinez-Neal)

This heartwarming story highlights a modern family’s love and use of traditional food.

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September 14, 2022
by Evan-Moor
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Five Strategies to Improve Close Reading of Paired Texts: Informational and Literary

Close reading is an important skill for students to learn in school and was designed to build strong reading habits in children that they will need in higher education and future careers. It requires students to really focus on what the author is saying, what the author’s purpose is in writing the text, what the vocabulary means within the text, and how the text is structured.

Analyzing and comparing texts is challenging, and rarely comes naturally. By helping students learn the process of analysis with key strategies, they can become more comfortable with analyzing fiction and nonfiction texts on their own. These strategies work perfectly with paired text sets and help students improve their reading analysis skills.

As teachers, we can help our students learn to analyze and evaluate complex texts with the following targeted questions and reading strategies:

  • Ask an Essential Question to help students focus as they read
  • Incorporate Guided Questions and Note-taking to help students understand the text and find key information easily
  • Use Text-Dependent Questions to help students understand the text deeply
  • Identify the Text Structure to help students understand the differences between fiction and nonfiction texts
  • Cite Evidence to Support Conclusions with writing tasks that help students demonstrate understanding

Download these free printables for Reading Comprehension: Paired Text grades 1–6 here!

 

 

 

Strategy 1: Ask an Essential Question

Close reading begins with setting a purpose. Incorporating essential questions about a reading theme or topic can help direct students to think about a specific theme as they read and analyze text.

Teaching students how to navigate complex texts with detailed reading skills is especially helpful when students don’t have much background information on the topic they are reading about. Activating prior knowledge about a text is a good idea, but the fundamental goal of close reading is to teach students how to understand a text without much background knowledge. This set of skills is designed to help students evaluate a text based on what they read, not what they already know. Focusing on a specific text-related question can help students narrow down their focus as they read.

Strategy 2: Incorporate Guided Questions and Note-taking

Build important lesson scaffolds within each close reading activity with key questions and important note-taking skills. While reading together, model these skills:

  • Asking guided questions while reading to show students how to ask and answer their own questions about a text
  • Chunking information to show how to break up text into readable portions
  • Annotating and highlighting text so students can find key information easily

Strategy 3: Present Text-Dependent Questions

Identifying key aspects of a text can also help students understand its purpose better.

Incorporating text-dependent questions while reading and after reading can help students learn to recognize which parts of a text are the most important and what details support the bigger theme or idea. These types of questions engage students in evaluating the text and provide guidance on how to assess the information presented.

Strategy 4: Identify Text Structure

Identifying text structure can help students understand the differences between fiction and nonfiction texts. By learning to identify a text’s purpose and genre, students will know which questions to ask when reading a specific type of text and can make inferences about what they are reading based the structure.

Narrative/fiction texts require students to think about:

  • Characters
  • Settings
  • Problems and solutions

Nonfiction texts require students to evaluate whether a text is:

  • Comparing/contrasting
  • Defining a problem and a solution
  • Delivering information sequentially
  • Describing a cause and its effect.

When students are making inferences with text, they are learning how to ask and answer their own questions about what they are reading. These questions can help to guide students later in the lesson as they incorporate the text to support their conclusions:

  • What is the location?
  • When did it happen?
  • Who is doing it?
  • What is happening?
  • What caused this to happen?
  • How was the problem solved?
  • How did this text make you feel?

Strategy 5: Cite Evidence to Support Conclusions

Close reading strategies are designed to help students understand the text so well that they can reference it to support their thoughts and ideas through either writing or talking about a specific text. A good way to monitor students’ understanding during a close reading activity is to assign a writing task that requires them to cite evidence to support their conclusions.

Part of learning to cite evidence includes learning:

  • How to answer text-dependent questions
  • How to participate in teacher-guided discussions
  • How to mark up the text with questions and thoughts
  • How to make connections beyond the text (often with whole class or partner discussions)

Additional Resources:

Close reading lessons can require significant time and preparation commitment from teachers and students. Incorporating ready-made close reading units is a great option to save planning time and ensure that your instructional lessons include the important aspects of close reading such as:

  • Essential questions
  • Vocabulary
  • Text-dependent questions
  • Text structure analysis
  • Written assessment task that cites evidence

Reading Comprehension: Paired Text for grades 1–6 provides in-depth reading selections about grade-level science and social studies concepts to help students learn to closely examine texts.

Each robust unit includes two thematically related sections, an informational text and a literary text, that are focused on an essential question. Each paired text unit requires students to evaluate information from two different texts and includes a writing-prompt assessment. Each selections’ activities include vocabulary development in context, an oral close reading discussion, comprehension questions, and a writing prompt. Every unit includes an assessment with discussion questions, texts, essential question, and a writing prompt.

Teach your students how to deeply comprehend brief and complex texts and how to reference a text to support their thoughts and ideas with close reading lessons and activities!
For more close reading activities and tips, check out: How to Improve Students’ Close Reading: Strategies for Nonfiction Text


Heather Foudy is a certified elementary teacher with over 7 years’ experience as an educator and volunteer in the classroom. She enjoys creating lessons that are meaningful and creative for students. She is currently working for Evan-Moor’s marketing and communications team and enjoys building learning opportunities that are both meaningful and creative for students and teachers alike.

September 6, 2022
by Evan-Moor
0 comments

How to Improve Students’ Close Reading: Strategies for Nonfiction Text

Enhance your students’ close reading and analytical writing skills by teaching them key strategies for unraveling the main purpose within nonfiction texts. Filled with complex vocabulary and complex details, nonfiction texts can be difficult for students to understand. Specific text strategies can teach students how to deeply comprehend brief and complex texts and how to reference strategies to support their thoughts and ideas.

Improving close reading and analytical writing skills also helps to prepare students for testing, increases their reading comprehension, and provides a valuable life skill.

There are two main strategies to help students understand and analyze informational texts:

  • Elements
  • Structures

Strategy 1: Recognizing the Elements of Informational Text

An element is something students can think about or look for in a text and it can help them understand what is in a reading selection. There are five main elements that are typically included in nonfiction texts.

1. Purpose for Reading

These questions help students understand their purpose for reading a text and enable them to identify key information relate to this purpose.

  • Why am I reading this text?
  • What do I want to learn from the text?
  • Does the text match my reason for reading?
  • Is the author’s purpose to entertain, inform, argue, or teach?

2. Major Ideas

Identifying the most important messages in a text can help readers understand what the author is trying to tell the reader.

  • What is the main idea the author is sharing?
  • How is the idea being shared?

3. Supporting details

Identifying details within a text helps students understand the main ideas of a text.

  • What are the supporting ideas for each major idea?
  • How are the supporting details shared?

4. Visuals and Graphics

Illustrations, photos, graphs, or charts can provide students with important information about the text and should not be ignored.

  • What pictures or graphs does the author use to give me information?
  • Do the pictures or graphs tell me about major ideas or supporting details?
  • Do the pictures or graphs help me understand information from the text?

5. Vocabulary

Identifying key vocabulary within the text is necessary to help students understand what the text is about.

Strategy 2: Identifying Structures of Informational Text

A structure is how a text is organized and how the main ideas are shared. Thinking about the text structure helps students understand what the major idea of the text is. Signal words can also help students identify what kind of structure a text has and help them find details to support major ideas. Typically, informational texts follow five main structures.

1. Main Idea and Details

A major idea is supported by details and examples. Signal words such as for instance, for example, such as, another, also, and in addition are often used.

2. Time Order

This structure has one major idea supported by details that are presented in a specific order so that the text makes sense. Typical signal words that are used with this text structure are: at, first, during, next, last, before, after, while, finally, following, and when.

3. Compare and Contrast

This text structure highlights how two or more things are alike and how they are different. The major idea is supported by details and examples. Signal words that are used to compare and contrast are: but, different, same, however, as well as, both, while, and instead of.

4. Cause and Effect

The main idea within this structure highlights a cause or the reason something happened. Signal words that are used to show this are: because, in order to, effects of, and if . . . then.

5. Question and Answer

This structure identifies a major idea that is written as a question. The supporting details within the text answer the question. Typical words used in this structure are: who, what, where, when, why, and how.

Additional Resources:

Reading Comprehension: Nonfiction for grades 1–6 helps students to understand nonfiction texts while developing a rich background knowledge of science and history! Activities include leveled texts and study units that include: academic vocabulary, text analysis, and text-based writing prompts. With guided discussions and interesting topics, these close reading activities keep students engaged and entertained.

Check out these free downloadable close reading units for grades 1–6 here.

Each book targets the five text structures of nonfiction reading and helps students recognize key text features that can assist them in determining the important information in a text.

The complete Reading Informational Text units include ready-to-go lessons that help students learn how to navigate difficult texts. Each unit includes:

Suggested learning path with teaching tips and discussion questions

Leveled reading selection

Dictionary page to identify vocabulary

Close reading hunt that guides students on how to identify important information

Reading comprehension and vocabulary activities

Text-structure activity that asks students to examine how information is organized

Text-based writing activity to evaluate how well students understand and analyze texts


Heather Foudy is a certified elementary teacher with over 7 years’ experience as an educator and volunteer in the classroom. She enjoys creating lessons that are meaningful and creative for students. She is currently working for Evan-Moor’s marketing and communications team and enjoys building learning opportunities that are both meaningful and creative for students and teachers alike.

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